Tkinter

Import Tkinter

import tkinter as tk

Create Window

window = tk.Tk()

Create Widgets

button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me")

Add Widgets

button.pack()

Create Event Handlers

button.bind("<Button-1>", button_click)

Start Event Loop

window.mainloop()

## TKINTER BASIC EXAMPLE ##
# Import Tkinter
import tkinter as tk

# Event Handler Function
def button_click(event):
    print("Button clicked!")

# Create Window
window = tk.Tk()

# Create Widget
button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me")

# Add Widget to Window
button.pack()

# Create Event Handler
button.bind("<Button-1>", button_click)

# Start Event Loop
window.mainloop()

Core Tkinter Widgets:

• Labels: Display text.

  label = tk.Label(window, text="This is a label")

• Buttons: Trigger actions when clicked.

  button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me", command=button_click)

  Note: The command parameter is another way to add an event handler to the button.

• Text Boxes: Allow user input.

  text_box = tk.Entry(window)

• Text Areas: Allow multi-line text input.

  text_area = tk.Text(window)

## TKINTER WIDGETS EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Tkinter Example")

label = tk.Label(window, text="Enter text:")
label.pack()

entry_box = tk.Entry(window)
entry_box.pack()

button = tk.Button(window, text="Submit")
button.pack()

text_area = tk.Text(window)
text_area.pack()

window.mainloop()

Pack Geometry Manager

• Simple to use but less flexible.
• Packs widgets into available space, one after the other.
• Suitable for basic layouts.

## PACK LAYOUT EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Pack Layout")

label = tk.Label(window, text="Hello, World!")
button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me")
entry = tk.Entry(window)

label.pack()
button.pack()
entry.pack()

window.mainloop()

Grid Geometry Manager

• More powerful and flexible.
• Organizes widgets in a grid-like structure, specifying rows and columns.
• Ideal for complex layouts.

## GRID LAYOUT EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Grid Layout")

label = tk.Label(window, text="Hello, World!")
button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me")
entry = tk.Entry(window)

label.grid(row=0, column=0)
button.grid(row=1, column=0)
entry.grid(row=2, column=0)

window.mainloop()

Place Geometry Manager

• Allows precise positioning of widgets using absolute coordinates (x, y).
• Suitable for specific layouts but can be less intuitive.

## PLACE LAYOUT EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Place Layout")

label = tk.Label(window, text="Hello, World!")
button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me")
entry = tk.Entry(window)

label.place(x=20, y=20)
button.place(x=20, y=50)
entry.place(x=20, y=80)

window.mainloop()

How it works:

• Define an Event Handler Function: This function will contain the code that should be executed when the event occurs.
• Bind the Event Handler to a Widget: You associate the event handler function with a specific widget. This is often done using the bind() method.

In the previous Tkinter Widget Example nothing happened when we clicked the button because their wasn't an event handler attached to the button. This program is updated to provide functionality for button clicks.

## EVENT HANDLER EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk

def button_click():
    text = entry_box.get()
    label.config(text=f"You entered: {text}")
    text_area.insert(tk.END, f"{text}\n")

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Tkinter Example")

label = tk.Label(window, text="Enter text:")
label.pack()

entry_box = tk.Entry(window)
entry_box.pack()

button = tk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=button_click)
button.pack()

text_area = tk.Text(window)
text_area.pack()

window.mainloop()

• Frame: Group widgets together within an object.
• Menus: Create menus and toolbars to provide additional functionality and a more professional look to your application.
• Dialog Boxes: Tkinter offers various dialog boxes, such as message boxes, file dialogs, and color choosers, to interact with the user and gather input.
• Canvas: Provides a drawing surface where you can draw lines, shapes, and text. It's useful for creating custom graphics and visualizations.
• Custom Widgets: Create custom widgets by subclassing the tk.Frame class and adding your desired components to it. This allows you to create reusable and complex widgets.
• Theming and Styling: While Tkinter's default appearance might be somewhat basic, you can customize the look and feel of your application using themes and styles.

## ADVANCED TKINTER EXAMPLE ##
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog, colorchooser, Canvas, Frame

def open_file():
	file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
	# Do something with the file path

def save_file():
	file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename()
	# Do something with the file path

def show_message():
	messagebox.showinfo("Message", "This is a message box")

def choose_color():
	color = colorchooser.askcolor()
	canvas.config(bg=color[1])

def draw_line():
	x1, y1, x2, y2 = 10, 10, 100, 100
	canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill="blue", width=2)

# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Advanced Tkinter Application")

# Create a menu bar
menubar = tk.Menu(root)
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="Open", command=open_file)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save", command=save_file)
filemenu.add_separator()

filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)

helpmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
helpmenu.add_command(label="About", command=show_message)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)

root.config(menu=menubar)

# Create a frame for the canvas
canvas_frame = Frame(root, bg="lightgray")
canvas_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# Create a canvas
canvas = Canvas(canvas_frame, width=400, height=300, bg="white")
canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

# Create a button to change the canvas color
color_button = tk.Button(root, text="Change Color", command=choose_color)
color_button.pack()

# Create a button to draw a line
draw_button = tk.Button(root, text="Draw Line", command=draw_line)
draw_button.pack()

root.mainloop()